Gabon is one of the most forested countries globally, with over 88% of its total surface area (267,667 km ²) covered by rainforests. The vast forested lands provide food, medicine, energy, and a source of spirituality to millions of people in the Congo Basin region, the second largest set of lungs in the world, after the Amazon. Gabon's forests house wildlife and megafauna, including 60% of the remaining critically endangered forest elephants, also known as the "architects" or "gardeners" of the forest, for their roles in supporting healthy ecosystems. It also maintains a significant population of western lowland gorillas, mandrill monkeys, forest buffalos, and noteworthy birdlife.  Africa’s “last Garden of Eden” also absorbs a total of 140 million tons of CO2 every year.  

Cognizant of the critical role of forests in addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development, Gabon has since 2000 preserved much of its rainforest, creating 13 national parks, one of which is listed UNESCO World Heritage Site. While deforestation rates have been consistently low (less than 0.08%), the country has advanced several initiatives to limit deforestation and forest degradation; such as, in 2009, the Government of Gabon imposed a nationwide whole log export ban and in 2010 instituted a National Climate Council. The Council incorporates climate change considerations into the country's sectoral development strategies, and the government has been an active participant in the UNFCCC negotiations through this strategic vision. Gabon has also made significant advances in sustainable management of its timber resources outside the 13 parks, aiming to ensure that all forest concessions are FSC-certified.

At the 2019 Climate Action Summit, Gabon signed with the Central African Forest Initiative (CAFI) an agreement for $150 million in result-based payment for carbon absorption. A breakthrough for the contract, in June 2021, Gabon received its first payment of $17M, a landmark for the country's efforts towards the preservation of its forested lands. After independent experts verified results, Gabon is the first country in Africa to receive results-based payments for reduced deforestation and forest degradation emissions. The payment rewards the country’s reductions in 2016 and 2017, compared to annual emission levels from 2006 to 2015.

Gabon is leading the way by maintaining its status of High Forest Cover Low Deforestation (HFLD) countries with its forest management approach that is science-based and evidentiary robust. Gabon is committed to reducing CO2 emissions even further.

In ensuring proper management and utilization of resources, Gabon and CAFI have agreed that the first payment will go towards activities that further decrease CO2 emissions and contribute to local communities’ sustainable development, including

• Support to the Forest Law Enforcement Unit to reduce illegal activity
• Community forests initiatives throughout Gabon that further enhance the income, livelihoods, and wellbeing of communities
• Capacity-building of the national parks agency’s (ANPN) for rapid deployment to monitor park encroachment by land and air
• Plant production and conservation at national botanical gardens and the National Herbarium
• National capacity-building and understanding of the effects of climate change on Gabon’s ecosystems via the National Climate Council (CNC), Gabon Space Agency (AGEOS), National Natural Resources and Forestry Observation System (SNORNF)

The results-based payments agreement aligns with the country’s "Green Gabon" national agenda, which aims to improve the productivity of agricultural and forestry activities and create 125,000 jobs as well as income-generating activities while keeping the ecological footprint of human activities low. Hopefully, this payment will encourage other countries in the continent to join the efforts towards protecting and conserving the forests. So far Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, and the Central African Republic have also joined the fight to protect the Central African forest in partnership with CAFI.

Other programs implemented through the CAFI - Gabon partnership include using, planning and forest monitoring (CAFI-1), expanding protected areas and agricultural development, and supporting the national certification process (CAFI-2). Through the latter, UNDP supports Gabon as an implementing agency working closely with national agencies such as CNC, ANPN and ADAG (Agence de Développement Agricole au Gabon).