The war in Gaza has entered its third month. After a short humanitarian pause between 24 November and 1 December 2023, military operations have resumed with significant intensity.

In November 2023, the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) conducted an early assessment of the then expected economic and human impact of the war on the State of Palestine alone. The present policy brief complements that assessment by examining the likely effects of the Gaza war on the immediate neighbours of the State of Palestine, namely, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon. If these effects materialize, they will add to pre-existing vulnerabilities in these countries, which have yet to fully recover from the effects of past shocks.