The right to health is a fundamental human right enshrined in many constitutions and international instruments including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 

This year’s World Health Day’s theme 'My Health My Right' underscores the right of all persons to quality health services and information regardless of who they are, where they live or financial status.

The right to health is in peril

Rising conflicts, skyrocketing cost of living and impact of climate change threaten to derail the enjoyment of these rights particularly for the most vulnerable.

Furthermore, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) report for 2023 shows that the world is off track to achieve SDG targets on HIV, Malaria, Tuberculosis and insufficient progress has been made to expand universal health coverage.

Achieving universal health coverage and other health related SDGs would be impossible if we do not prioritize the right to health for the most vulnerable. As we mark this year’s World Health Day, specific and deliberate actions are urgently required to guarantee the right to health and ensure we leave no one behind.

Address social determinants of health

All persons have the right to an adequate standard of living including the provision of food, housing and necessary social services. Providing these basic necessities contributes more to health outcomes than factors within the health system. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that non-medical factors or social determinants of health account for between 30-55% of health outcomes. Thus, prioritizing the right to health would require that we go beyond the health sector and address the general conditions in which people live and grow. The 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey highlights maternal education and poverty as important predictors of malaria in children under 5 years. Provision of education, employment, adequate housing, water, especially for the most vulnerable including the urban poor would help reduce health inequalities and improve health outcomes. The United Nation's Development Programme (UNDP)’s intervention to provide safe and hygienic sanitation solutions for urban slum areas in Kumasi is one keyway to improve health outcomes for the urban poor in Ghana.

Make health services disability friendly

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) recognizes that persons with disabilities have the right to enjoy of the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability. However, persons with disability face severe physical, informational and attitudinal barriers which impede their ability to enjoy the right to health. Studies reveal that in Ghana, entrances to most Outpatient department (OPDs) and the general hospital environment are not disability friendly and even in the few instances where there are ramps, these are often too rough, steep or narrow for use. To guarantee the right to health we need to reexamine the architecture of health facilities and make them accessible. We also need to meaningfully include persons with disability in the formulation and implementation of health policies, aligned with the phrase 'nothing about us without us'.

Health workers should also be equipped with the necessary skills and tools including sign language to provide disability friendly health services. Through the implementation of the joint United Nations Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNPRPD) project in Ghana, the United Nations (UN) in Ghana is strengthening disability data and supporting the reenactment of the disability law in line with the CRPD provisions.

Invest in women’s health

Women and girls face major risks of unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, HIV and depression but often face many barriers accessing health information and services. According to a latest World Economic Forum and McKinsey Health Institute report, the health challenges of women and girls are underestimated, underfunded and under researched. Women form the majority of the health workforce but hold minority of the global health leadership. Prioritizing the right to health for women and girls, would mean investing in data systems to collect and analyze gender disaggregated health data to accurately capture and address the health challenges of women, designing gender responsive and transformative health polices and providing adequate support and mentorship to ensure that more women attain to leadership positions in health. 

Conclusion 

With only a few years left to achieve the SDGs, it is imperative that we mobilize all available resources and partnerships to guarantee the right to health for the most vulnerable. Let us use the occasion of this World Health Day to reflect and take deliberate and concerted action towards universal health coverage. We cannot afford to leave anyone behind, we cannot afford to fail.